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Diagnosis
If a person is experiencing these symptoms, they should see a doctor who can then determine whether or not a person has a vertebral compression fracture. Unlike other causes of back pain, vertebral compression fractures are relatively easy to diagnose and are usually readily apparent on imaging studies.
Medical history. The doctor will try to pinpoint when your pain started, whether it appeared suddenly or gradually, where the pain is occurring, and which activities increase or decrease the pain. A history of osteoporosis is an immediate red flag for a vertebral compression fracture, as are the other main risk factors mentioned above.
X-Ray. X-rays are usually the easiest way to determine if a person has a fracture. The X-ray can usually find whether or not there is a crack, fracture, or compression in any of the spinal vertebra. However, it is not foolproof and can miss fractures.
CAT Scan. A CAT scan can show whether a fractured bone is stable and can take more detailed pictures of the spine than an X-Ray.
MRI Scan. A doctor may order an MRI if he or she believes that another condition may be causing a patient's pain or discomfort. The MRI can take a more detailed look at soft tissue, such as the nerves surrounding the possible fracture. The MRI can also tell if the fracture is old or new.
Nuclear Bone Scan. A nuclear bone scan can help determine when the fracture occurred.
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