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Recommended Reading
Cervical
- Jackson AP, Haak MH, Khan N, Meyer PR. Cervical spine injuries in the elderly: acute postoperative mortality. Spine 2005;30:1524-7.
- Kettler A, Werner K, Wilke HJ. Morphological changes of cervical facet joints in elderly individuals. Eur Spine J 2007;16:987-92.
- Spivak JM, Weiss MA, Cotler JM, Call M. Cervical spine injuries in patients 65 and older. Spine 1994;19:2302-6.
Deformity
- Daubs MD, Lenke LG, Cheh G, Stobbs G, Bridwell KH. Adult spinal deformity surgery: complications and outcomes in patients over age 60. Spine 2007;32:2238-44.
Disc Degeneration
- K, Chung CB, Kim JY, Papakonstantinou O, Lee MH, Clopton P, et al. Intervertebral disc calcification of the spine in an elderly population: radiographic prevalence, location, and distribution and correlation with spinal degeneration. Radiology 2004;230:499-503.
- Hangai M, Kaneoka K, Kuno S, Hinotsu S, Sakane M, Mamizuka N, et al. Factors associated with lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration in the elderly. Spine J 2008;732-40.
- Iguchi T, Kanemura A, Kasahara K, Kurihara A, Doita M, Yoshiya S. Age distribution of three radiologic factors for lumbar instability: probable aging process of the instability with disc degeneration. Spine 2003;28:2628-33.
- Roughley PJ. Biology of intervertebral disc aging and degeneration: involvement of the extracellular matrix. Spine 2004;29:2691-9.
- Vernon-Roberts B, Moore RJ, Fraser RD. The natural history of age-related disc degeneration: the pathology and sequelae of tears. Spine 2007;32:2797-804.
- Podichetty VK. The aging spine: the role of inflammatory mediators in intervertebral disc degeneration. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2007;53:4-18.
- Bertagnoli R, Yue JJ, Nanieva R, Fenk-Mayer A, Husted DS, Shah RV, et al. Lumbar total disc arthroplasty in patients older than 60 years of age: a prospective study of the ProDisc prosthesis with 2-year minimum follow-up period. J Neurosurg Spine 2006;4:85-90.
Lumbar Interbody
- Lee DY, Jung TG, Lee SH. Single-level instrumented mini-open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in elderly patients. J Neurosurg Spine 2008;9:137-44.
General
- Sevinc O, Barut C, Is M, Eryoruk N, Safak AA. Influence of age and sex on lumbar vertebral morphometry determined using sagittal magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Anat 2008;190:277-83.
- Gong H, Zhang M, Yeung HY, Qin L. Regional variations in microstructural properties of vertebral trabeculae with aging. J Bone Miner Metab 2005;23:174-80.
Lumbar
- Brinckmann P, Biggemann M, Burton K, Leirseth G, Tillotson M, Frobin W. Radiographic changes in the lumbar intervertebral discs and lumbar vertebrae with age. Spine 2004;29:108-9.
- Glassman SD, Copay AG, Berven SH, Polly DW, Subach BR, Carreon LY. Defining substantial clinical benefit following lumbar spine arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2008;90:1839-47.
- Kilincer C, Steinmetz MP, Sohn MJ, Benzel EC, Bingaman W. Effects of age on the perioperative characteristics and short-term outcome of posterior lumbar fusion surgery. J Neurosurg Spine 2005;3:34-9.
- Arinzon Z, Adunsky A, Fidelman Z, Gepstein R. Outcomes of decompression surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis in elderly diabetic patients. Eur Spine J 2004;13:32-7.
- Benz RJ, Ibrahim ZG, Afshar P, Garfin SR. Predicting complications in elderly patients undergoing lumbar decompression. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2001;384:116-21.
- Carreon LY, Puno RM, Dimar JR, 2nd, Glassman SD, Johnson JR. Perioperative complications of posterior lumbar decompression and arthrodesis in older adults. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003;85-A:2089-92.
- Cassinelli EH, Eubanks J, Vogt M, Furey C, Yoo J, Bohlman HH. Risk factors for the development of perioperative complications in elderly patients undergoing lumbar decompression and arthrodesis for spinal stenosis: an analysis of 166 patients. Spine 2007;32:230-5.
- Reindl R, Steffen T, Cohen L, Aebi M. Elective lumbar spinal decompression in the elderly: is it a high-risk operation? Can J Surg 2003;46:43-6.
- Rosen DS, O'Toole JE, Eichholz KM, Hrubes M, Huo D, Sandhu FA, et al. Minimally invasive lumbar spinal decompression in the elderly: outcomes of 50 patients aged 75 years and older. Neurosurgery 2007;60:503-9.
Lumbar Stenosis
- Gunzburg R, Szpalski M. The conservative surgical treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis in the elderly. Eur Spine J 2003;12 Suppl 2:S176-80.
- Wang MY, Green BA, Shah S, Vanni S, Levi AD. Complications associated with lumbar stenosis surgery in patients older than 75 years of age. Neurosurg Focus 2003;14:e7.
- Ragab AA, Fye MA, Bohlman HH. Surgery of the lumbar spine for spinal stenosis in 118 patients 70 years of age or older. Spine 2003;28:348-53.
- Shabat S, Arinzon Z, Folman Y, Leitner J, David R, Pevzner E, et al. Long-term outcome of decompressive surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis in octogenarians. Eur Spine J 2008;17:193-8.
Techniques
- Kanter AS, Asthagiri AR, Shaffrey CI. Aging spine: challenges and emerging techniques. Clin Neurosurg 2007;54:10-8.
Vertebral Compression Fractures
- Francis RM, Aspray TJ, Hide G, Sutcliffe AM, Wilkinson P. Back pain in osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Osteoporos Int 2008;19:895-903.
- Pateder DB, Khanna AJ, Lieberman IH. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty for the management of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Orthop Clin North Am 2007;38:409-18.
- Roux C, Fechtenbaum J, Briot K, Cropet C, Liu-Leage S, Marcelli C. Inverse relationship between vertebral fractures and spine osteoarthritis in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2008;67:224-8.
Weight & Exercise:
- Gepstein R, Shabat S, Arinzon ZH, Berner Y, Catz A, Folman Y. Does obesity affect the results of lumbar decompressive spinal surgery in the elderly? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2004:138-44.
- Hartvigsen J, Christensen K. Active lifestyle protects against incident low back pain in seniors: a population-based 2-year prospective study of 1387 Danish twins aged 70-100 years. Spine 2007;32:76-81.
Pain
- Kovacs F, Abraira V, Santos S, Diaz E, Gestoso M, Muriel A, et al. A comparison of two short education programs for improving low back pain-related disability in the elderly: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Spine 2007;32:1053-9.
- Manchikanti L, Pampati V, Rivera J, Fellows B, Beyer C, Damron K. Role of facet joints in chronic low back pain in the elderly: a controlled comparative prevalence study. Pain Pract 2001;1:332-7.
- Meyer T, Cooper J, Raspe H. Disabling low back pain and depressive symptoms in the community-dwelling elderly: a prospective study. Spine 2007;32:2380-6.
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