Neck Strains and Sprains

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Neck strains and sprains are common.  Strains and sprains are similar but affect different soft tissues.

• Strain: Tendon or muscle injury
• Sprain: Ligament injury

Whiplash is a common type of strain/sprain termed a hyperextension and hyperflexion injury.  Muscle pain that develops from cradling the phone between the ear and shoulder is an example of a strain.  Both can cause severe pain and may become temporarily disabling.

Symptoms

• Pain varies; mild to intense
• Sharp, dull, throbbing, and/or burning pain
• Stiffness, difficulty moving the neck or upper body
• Swelling

In addition to the above, whiplash symptoms may include:

• Headache
• Dizziness
• Jaw pain (immediate or delayed)
• Ringing in the ears

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of a neck strain or sprain should be made by a physician with expertise in spinal conditions. The diagnosis may include these steps.

• Medical History 
  The doctor asks you about symptoms, their severity, how and when the injury occurred, and treatments you tried and results.

• Physical Examination
  The physician examines you for movement limitations, problems with balance, pain.  He tests your reflexes, muscle strength, sensation, and signs of neurologic dysfunction.

• Diagnostic Tests
  An x-ray may be ordered to rule out a serious diagnosis, such as herniated disc or spinal fracture.

Non-operative Treatment

Non-surgical treatment may include:
 

• Medications: anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce swelling and pain, muscle relaxants to calm spasm, and occasionally, narcotic painkillers to reduce acute pain.  
  Cold/heat therapy, especially during the first 24- to 48-hours.
• Soft cervical collar or brace*
• Physical therapy: gentle massage, stretching, therapeutic exercise, or traction to decrease pain and increase function.
• Alternative therapy (i.e., acupuncture).

*A cervical collar is a short-term treatment to help support tender and painful neck tissues while they heal.  A collar can reduce neck and upper back pain by relieving muscle spasm and cervical fatigue.

During physical therapy, patients are instructed about proper posture and body mechanics which can enhance healing and prevent further injury.

Conclusion

Symptoms of a cervical sprain or strain may be similar to other spinal disorders. An accurate diagnosis by a physician with expertise in spinal disorders is the most important first step in finding safe, effective treatment.