Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

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MRI, or magnetic resonance imaging, is an important diagnostic tool used to help identify spinal problems such as nerve impingement, disc herniation, spinal cord compression, fracture, tumor, or infection.

What is MRI?

MRI is the gold standard of imaging.  MRI combines computer technology, a magnetic field, and radio wave pulse energy to produce two-dimensional images and three-dimensional models of the spine.  This process is radiation-free and the radio waves are harmless. 

Unlike CT scans and x-ray images, MRI scans produce highly detailed images that best capture the anatomical characteristics of many soft tissue problems. In addition, MRI can create images in different anatomical planes, enabling study of the spine from different angles.

Anatomical Plane and Description:

Coronal Plane (Frontal Plane) - Separates the body vertically from head to toe into front and back halves.

Sagittal Plane (Lateral Plane) - Separates the body vertically from head to toe and into left and right sides.

Axial Plane (Transverse Plane) - Separates the body horizontally at the waist (top and bottom halves of the body).

The patient is placed and secured on a padded, motorized table that can slide in and out of the MRI tube or scanning area. There are many types of MRI devices; some require the patient to be scanned in an enclosed area, while others are more open.

The procedure is painless but may take several minutes (even an hour or more). The equipment is operated by a technician in a room adjacent to the MRI scanner. This is done to protect the computers used from the powerful magnetic forces of the MRI. During the test, the technician can see and communicate with the patient. The patient is asked to remain as motionless as possible during the scan.

Who Should Not Undergo MRI

An MRI is contraindicated (not allowed) for some people. The physician or MRI technician may ask about the following conditions, which may contraindicate an MRI.

• Pacemakers and defibrillators
• Implantable infusion pumps
• Aneurysm clips
• Artificial joints (metal implants)
• Dental implants
• Spinal instrumentation

An MRI may not be advised for patients who are pregnant. Some very large patients may not be able to undergo an MRI because of their size.

Before the MRI

In most cases, no special preparations are necessary in advance of an MRI. If a contrast (dye) is to be used as part of the MRI, the medical staff will advise the patient and there may be special restrictions about food intake before the test.
 

An MRI patient usually wears a hospital gown. No jewelry or metallic items are allowed.

The physician’s staff may advise individual patients about specific preparations.

During the Procedure

The patient is positioned on a table which moves mechanically into the scanner. The patient must remain as motionless as possible during the procedure. MRI equipment can be very noisy. In some cases, patients will be able to wear headphones and listen to music during the scan.

Conclusion

MRI scans can be important diagnostic tools for spinal conditions because they show very detailed images of soft tissue. An MRI is a painless procedure. Although an MRI scan is considered the gold standard of imaging, not all patients are appropriate candidates for an MRI.