Herniated Disc

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The spinal column consists of a stack of vertebrae separated by discs, which cushion the forces on the spine and prevent the vertebrae from grinding against each other.

These discs are made up of a ring of tough fibers (called the annulus fibrosus) protecting an inner capsule filled with a gel-like substance called nucleus pulposus. The annulus fibrosus holds the disc in place while the nucleus pulposus acts like a shock absorber.

A herniated disc is one in which the disc bulges and then ruptures or breaks open. This can cause the disc to change shape, shifting the spinal column and possibly compressing nearby nerves. The gel-like substance inside the disc may leak out, which can irritate the nerves. This can cause mild pain (no nerves are compressed) to mild or severe pain, depending on the extent of the nerve involvement.

Symptoms of Herniated Disc

If the herniated disc occurs in the lower back, there may be leg weakness, loss of leg function, or sciatica. Sciatica causes a burning, tingling, or pain that extends from the lower back over the buttocks and down the leg.  Sometimes, movement worsens pain and may be accompanied by muscle spasms.

Video: Herniated Discs

Click below to view a video from our library about this condition.

What causes Herniated Discs?

A herniated disc can occur naturally as a result of degeneration, but this happens older adults. Herniated discs are associated with being overweight (obese), a sedentary lifestyle (no exercise), and tobacco use. Injuries can cause a disc to herniate.

• A blow or excessive force to the spine, such as a severe fall or motor vehicle accident
• Lifting something too heavy
• Improper body mechanics
• Repetitive movement

Treatment

Non-surgical treament includes:

• Rest
• Medications to reduce inflammation and pain, relax muscle spasms
• Spinal injections
• Physical therapy
• Brace; external spinalsupport
• Spinal traction

Seldom is spine surgery necessary.